Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 340

年份

2024 1

2023 13

2022 18

2021 38

2020 17

2019 14

2018 16

2017 17

2016 22

2015 14

2014 18

2013 13

2012 21

2011 16

2010 15

2009 23

2008 15

2007 25

2006 7

2005 2

展开︾

关键词

人工影响天气 2

协同效应 2

引种工程 2

惰性粒子 2

气体分布板 2

气象灾害 2

3-DR-IUD 1

3D支架平台 1

Anderson 模型 1

CO₂ 加氢 1

China TIMES模型 1

DX桩 1

Fe、Co、Ru 碳化物 1

GIC 1

K 助剂 1

Mn 助剂 1

Pd局域环境 1

SWAT-WF模块 1

TC4钛合金 1

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

A new method for estimating the longevity and degradation of photovoltaic systems considering weather

Amir AHADI,Hosein HAYATI,Joydeep MITRA,Reza ABBASI-ASL,Kehinde AWODELE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 277-285 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0400-3

摘要： The power output of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is affected by solar radiation and ambient temperature. The commonly used evaluation techniques usually overlook the four weather states which are clear, cloudy, foggy, and rainy. In this paper, an ovel analytical model of the four weather conditions based on the Markov chain is proposed. The Markov method is well suited to estimate the reliability and availability of systems based on a continuous stochastic process. The proposed method is generic enough to be applied to reliability evaluation of PV systems and even other applications. Further aspects investigated include the new degradation model for reliability predication of PV modules. The results indicate that the PV module degradation over years, failures, and solar radiation must be considered in choosing an efficient PV system with an optimal design to achieve the maximum benefit of the PV system. For each aspect, a method is proposed, and the complete focusing methodology is expounded and validated using simulated point targets. The results also demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method for effective modeling of the chronological aspects and stochastic characteristics of solar cells as well as the optimal configuration and sizing of large PV plants in terms of cost and reliability.

关键词： photovoltaic (PV) systems solar cell Markov model weather effects

HTML PDF 收藏

青藏高原“敏感区”对我国灾害天气气候的影响及其监测

徐祥德

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第10期页码 96-107

摘要：工程应用开发途径，发展高原及周边敏感区灾害天气上游早期预警系统监测平台，为灾害性天气预报与区域气候变化提供多功能业务服务应用平台；采用高原东缘南－北轴向观测数据信息（GPS监测站与AWS站）应用于改进WRF（weather

关键词：青藏高原上游关键敏感区灾害天气早期预警

HTML PDF 收藏

突发性灾害天气的结构预测与应急对策

欧阳首承,谢娜,郝丽萍

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第9期页码 9-13

摘要：

以V-3θ图的非规则信息结构分别分析了北京2004年7月10日和上海7月12日出现的突发性强对流降水、风暴和川东北的区域性特大暴雨天气过程的结构特征，并简单地讨论了突发灾害天气的预测原理和分析、预测方法。结果表明，局地强对流降水天气或区域性大暴雨在V-3θ图的结构上事先有明显的征兆而可预测；并作为有效的防灾、减灾和相应城市建设应考虑的排水、储水和防风等的特殊性应急措施。

关键词：溃变结构分析突发性强对流防灾措施

HTML PDF 收藏

灾害空间天气对我国电网安全的影响及风险

刘连光

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第9期页码 29-33

摘要：

通过对第23太阳周几次磁暴期间广东岭澳500 kV电网的地磁感应电流（GIC）实测数据，2010年西北陕、甘、青、宁750 kV电网GIC的计算结果，以及500～1 000 kV电网结构特点和1859年超级磁暴强度的分析，阐述了极端空间天气对我国未来特高压、大规模电网安全的可能影响，提出了应对极端空间天气的研究建议。

关键词：空间天气磁暴 GIC 特高压电网安全

HTML PDF 收藏

Performance evaluation on the pollution control against wet weather overflow based on on-site coagulation

Zongqun Chen, Wei Jin, Hailong Yin, Mengqi Han, Zuxin Xu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1400-z

摘要： Abstract • A way for overflow control based on on-site coagulation/flocculation was proposed. • Coagulant and flocculant dose were optimized based on pollutant removal performance. • Settling time of 5 min is enough in a proper transmission distance. • Fast removal of particulate pollutants could be achieved under varied flow. The pollution caused by wet weather overflow in urban drainage systems is a main factor causing blackening an odorization of urban rivers. The conventional overflow treatment based on coagulation/flocculation in terminal drainage systems requires relatively large space and long retention time demand that makes it not applicable in crowded urban drainage systems or under heavy rains. On-site coagulation/flocculation in terminal drainage pipes was proposed in this study which was aimed to transfer the coagulation/flocculation process to the inside of pipes at the terminal drainage system to save space and reduce the retention time of the coagulation/flocculation process. The optimized dose of chemicals was studied first which was 80 mg/L of coagulant and 0.8 mg/L of flocculant. Settling for only 5 min can remove most of the pollutants at 406.5 m of transmission distance. In addition, the relation of wet weather overflow rate and concentration of pollution load on the on-site coagulation/flocculation process was investigated, which indicated that high removal of pollutant was gained at a large range of flow velocity and pollutant concentration. Finally, the study confirmed electric neutralization, bridging, and net capture as the major mechanisms in this process, and further optimization was proposed. The proposed process can reduce much turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total phosphorous, but hardly remove soluble ammonia and organics. This work provides scientific guidance to address wet weather overflow in terminal drainage pipes.

关键词： Wet weather overflow On-site coagulation/flocculation Fast removal of particulate pollutants

HTML PDF 收藏

人工影响天气科学技术现状及发展趋势

郑国光,郭学良

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 20-27

摘要：

对人工影响天气学科发展的历史、现状和发展趋势进行了概述。随着人类文明的发展和进步，对天气的敏感性和脆弱性呈现显著增加的趋势。自1946年现代人工影响天气开创以来，基于人类对水资源开发利用以及减轻由恶劣天气引起的自然灾害的强烈需求，促进了人工影响天气学科的快速发展。经过60多年的发展，随着人类对自然天气过程认识的不断提高，人工影响天气的科技水平有了明显的发展和提高。笔者介绍了人工影响天气科学技术的基本原理、应用范围、科学技术现状、存在的关键科学技术问题以及发展趋势。

关键词：人工影响天气国内外科技现状发展趋势

HTML PDF 收藏

空间物理和空间天气探测与研究

王赤

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第6期页码 41-45

摘要：

空间物理学是1957年人造卫星发射成功后迅速发展起来的一门交叉学科。近50年来，空间已成为人类生存的第四环境，其重要性日益突出。20世纪90年代初，空间物理学与空间应用的密切结合产生了专门研究和预报空间环境中灾害性过程及其变化规律，减轻或防止空间灾害并为人类活动服务的空间天气学。文章简要总结了国外及国内空间物理和空间天气探测的历程和发展趋势，并提出对我国未来空间物理和空间天气探测发展规划和探测路线图的几点建议。

关键词：空间物理空间天气空间物理探测发展规划

HTML PDF 收藏

基于风廓线雷达技术的沙尘天气监测研究

魏文寿,王敏仲,何清

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第10期页码 51-56

摘要：

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站2010年4月11日沙尘天气风廓线雷达资料，分析了此次过程启动爆发的水平风场、垂直速度和雷达等效回波强度特征。研究表明：风廓线雷达是进行沙尘探测和监测的一种有效的高空大气遥感系统，它不仅可以捕捉到沙尘天气的开始和结束时间，而且能监测到沙尘在空中被输送的高度、厚度范围以及沙尘运动的垂直强度特征;塔克拉玛干沙漠扬沙和沙尘暴雷达等效回波强度约为-3～10 dBZ，浮尘等效回波强度约为-15～-3 dBZ;水平风垂直切变以及低空东风的维持是此次沙尘天气发生的动力成因。扬沙、沙尘暴发生时，大气垂直速度表现为上升运动，在较大水平风速及干燥下垫面的配合下，导致地面沙粒被输送到高空，形成了沙尘天气。

关键词：风廓线雷达沙尘天气等效回波强度监测

HTML PDF 收藏

人工影响天气工程系统

胡志晋,王广河,王雨增

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第7期页码 87-91

摘要：

文章介绍了人工影响天气（人工增雨、防雹、消雾等）的基本科学原理、国内外的发展历史、现状、科技水平、效益以及国内的需求、组织、规模等概况。描述了我国典型的人工影响天气工程系统及其各组成部分，即天气云况监测预测、催化技术、数值模拟、通信指挥和效果评估等分系统。强调了科研支持系统的重要性，提出了当前有关应用基础和技术开发的主要研究课题，阐述了长期稳定的科学示范试验的重要作用以及本领域的今后开拓方向。

关键词：人工影响天气人工增雨人工防雹人工消雾工程系

HTML PDF 收藏

森林火险与气象因素的多元相关性及其分析

宋卫国,马剑,Satoh K,王健

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第2期页码 61-66

摘要：

森林火灾发生概率预测涉及气象、树种、地理条件与人类活动等诸因素，气象参数对火灾的影响一直是森林火灾研究的重点之一。选用日平均湿度、降水量、平均风速、平均温度和日照时间等5种典型气象参数，利用BP神经网络分析了它们对火灾发生概率的综合影响；研究了多种气象参数综合作用下火灾发生概率的变化规律。结果表明，气象参数与火灾发生概率之间存在稳定的关联，神经网络在处理多参数综合影响方面具有较好的泛化能力，可以作为预测林火概率的可靠方法，为森林火灾研究提供了基础数据。

关键词：神经网络森林火灾火灾发生概率气象参数火灾风险

HTML PDF 收藏

A method to predict cooling load of large commercial buildings based on weather forecast and internal

Junbao JIA,Jincheng XING,Jihong LING,Ren PENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 459-465 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0424-8

摘要： Considering the fact that customers of large commercial buildings have the characteristics of the higher density and randomness, this paper presented an air-conditioning cooling load prediction method based on weather forecast and internal occupancy density. The multiple linear feedback regression model was applied to predict, with precision, the air conditioning cooling load. Case analysis showed that the largest mean relative error of hourly and the daily predicting cooling load maximum were 18.1% and 5.14%, respectively.

关键词： commercial building load prediction multiple linear regression

HTML PDF 收藏

全球气候变化背景下灾害性天气变化及对海上风电的影响

葛珊珊,,张韧

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第11期页码 71-77

摘要：

全面研究了我国灾害性天气状况，并基于已有的研究成果分析了全球气候变化的特点、驱动因子以及变化趋势，进一步探讨了气候变化背景下我国极端天气的响应。随后分析了海上风电场建设的气象和水文影响因素与潜在风险，特别强调了海上风电场应注意的防台风问题。

关键词：全球气候变化灾害性天气海上风电场

HTML PDF 收藏

Treatability aspects of urban stormwater stressors

Anthony N. TAFURI, Richard FIELD

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 631-637 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0420-0

摘要： Pollution from diffuse sources (pollution from contaminants picked up and carried into surface waters by stormwater runoff) has been identified as a significant source of water quality problems in the U.S. scientists and engineers continue to seek solutions that will allow them to optimize existing technologies and develop new ones that will provide the best possible protection to people, wildlife, and the environment. This paper addresses the various pollutants or stressors in urban stormwater, including flow (shear force), pathogens, suspended solids/sediment, toxicants (organic and metals), nutrients, oxygen demanding substances, and coarse solids. A broad overview of the pollutants removed and the removal mechanisms by and of conventional best management practices (BMPs) is also presented. The principal treatment mechanisms of conventional wet ponds, vegetative swales/buffer strips, and wetlands are sedimentation and filtration. These mechanisms have the capability to remove significant amounts of suspended solids or particulate matter and are a vital component of strategies to reduce pollutant loads to receiving waters. In addition, because most of the nation’s receiving water violations are caused by pathogen indicator bacteria, it is of utmost importance that research efforts address this problem. Further research is also needed on the treatment of emerging contaminants in BMPs and on the costs and affects of maintenance and maintenance schedules on the long-term performance of BMPs.

关键词： stormwater wet weather flow urban runoff

HTML PDF 收藏

中国新一代多普勒天气雷达网的建设与技术应用

许小峰

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第6期页码 7-14

摘要：

新一代多普勒天气雷达已成为对灾害性天气监测、预测的重要手段之一，世界上一些发达国家已普遍使用这一技术。我国从1998年开始建设新一代天气雷达网，已将这项工程列入国债资金支持项目。介绍了多普勒天气雷达的技术发展情况，目前我国的建设和应用情况，提出在发展建设中应注意的几个问题，以及未来雷达技术在天气监测中的若干发展和应用领域。

关键词：新一代多普勒天气雷达技术分析系统建设与应用未来发展

HTML PDF 收藏

Long-term observation of air pollution-weather/climate interactions at the SORPES station: a review and

Aijun Ding,Wei Nie,Xin Huang,Xuguang Chi,Jianning Sun,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Zheng Xu,Weidong Guo,Tuukka Petäjä,Xiuqun Yang,Markku Kulmala,Congbin Fu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0877-3

摘要： The concept design and detailed information of the SORPES station are introduced. Main scientific findings based 5-year measurements at the station are summarized. The future outlook of the development plan and its implications are discussed. The results improved understanding of interaction of physical and chemical processes. More SORPES-type stations are need to in different regions in China and the world. This work presents an overall introduction to the Station for Observing Regional Processes of the Earth System – SORPES in Nanjing, East China, and gives an overview about main scientific findings in studies of air pollution-weather/climate interactions obtained since 2011. The main results summarized in this paper include overall characteristics of trace gases and aerosols, chemical transformation mechanisms for secondary pollutants like O , HONO and secondary inorganic aerosols, and the air pollution – weather/climate interactions and feedbacks in mixed air pollution plumes from sources like fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and dust storms. The future outlook of the development plan on instrumentation, networking and data-sharing for the SORPES station is also discussed.

关键词： Secondary pollution Ground-based measurement Planetary boundary layer meteorology Earth system processes